tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2275811010900663392024-03-14T02:51:12.907+00:00Bee LimerickBee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-17339796707616451092013-08-24T18:09:00.003+01:002013-08-24T18:09:47.848+01:00Published Article ‘Enhancing communities and linking city biodiversity’
The following article was published in the Four Seasons quarterly colour magazine with topical information on Irish beekeeping<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="GA" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></b> </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="GA" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Limerick City
Biodiversity Project<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">‘Enhancing communities and
linking city biodiversity’<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This project
involved planting wildflower meadows of high biodiversity values in the
Regeneration and Rapid designated areas of Limerick City to establish a linked
up city-wide biodiversity network.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Urban planted
areas are often prone to vandalism with great expense to the local authorities.
So from the very beginning the project was run in partnership with community centres
with the aim of engaging the whole community in active participation in the
design, seeding<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and management of
biodiversity areas. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Community involvement
and ownership helped create a sense of pride of place, collective achievement
and community well-being.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A hive of Irish
honey bees Apis <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">melifera meliferia</i>
was brought into the city and centrally located to easily pollinate all newly planted
biodiversity areas. In this way the bee became the symbol of social connection
between all project parts across the city. The value of honey bees as natures
great pollinators was emphasized as was the importance of creating biodiversity
areas to help them thrive. This gave the project a sense of purpose especially
among the many primary and secondary schools that participated in the planting.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harvesting Limerick City honey is a
tangible benefit to supporting bees and highlights the symbotic relationship neccessary
between nature and people to build more resilient communities. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Wet weather and
low sunshine hours delayed budburst throughout the summer especially among sun
loving plants like the ox eye daisy, poppy and corn flower. However a spell of
warm weather in September brough a spurt in growth and a welcome splash of
vibrant colour. Plants continued to bloom throughout September, October and
into November.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></b> </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">L</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ong Term benefits<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A community
planting project can focus on both ecologically and commercially productive
plants. Fruiting and flowering plants that benefit nature and enhance the look
of an area can also be partially harvested to serve<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>community led local enterprises and trade. As
well as the four wild flower meadows planted in 2012, a commercial orchard and
a heritage orchard are being planted with the aim of producing Limerick City
apple juice. Each apple tree will be adopted by a community member.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This project
shows how people and nature can coexist and be mutually beneficial. Empowering
community to plant biodiversity areas locally may have national significance in
helping our honey bee thrive. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This project was
developed by Diarmuid Neilan </span></span><span lang="GA" style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">and
supported by the Limerick Regeneration Agency, Limerick City Council and Paul
Partnership. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-24868334273112112562013-08-24T17:45:00.002+01:002013-08-24T17:45:52.835+01:00Why do our bees continue to thrive?Bee keepers across Europe have continued to report high losses of their hives over the last three years. One report from England shows losses of up to 80% of commercial hives. With losse being attributed to everything from virulent bacterial infection that quickly spreads across hives to sustained poor weather that prevented honeybees from building up sufficient pollen and nectar stores. At the end of May 2012, the Swiss government reported that about half of the bee population had not survived the winter. The main blame of the decline (in this case) was thought to be the parasite Varroa Destructor. <br />
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With the continued collapse and loss of commercial hives, bee keepers have far less hives available for resale. With demand increasing all the time the price per hive increases too. This has led to natural hives being snatched from the wild to be sold on and put into slavery to create honey for bee keepers. A slavery method where the hive has less than 50% of survival. <br />
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With mounting external pressures on the bee, bee keepers are looking to blame everything but themselves for the honey bee collapse. Albet Einstein said ' Insanity: doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results'. Isn't it time bee keepers looked to their own bee keeping methods and adjusted them accordingly to help bees survive instead of continually blaming external preasures? - if only for their own benefits of extracting honey. <a href="http://www.biobees.com/">Natural bee keeping</a> methods is one such approach.<br />
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The bigger picture here is the survival of the honey bee and in turn our own survival and well being. So the approach for honey bee conservation needs to mature and move beyond commercial bee keeping and their unsustainable methods. Wild bee hives need to be protected and conservation hives should be a national priority. <br />
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As August 2013 comes to a close - our experiment here at bee Limerick shows that if the bees are just left alone they will become resilient to external stresses and thrive regardless. Our bees have continued to support a resilient hive and have split many times over the last three years. I estimate our bees have split at least three times each year so from one hive alone we have created nine swarms of the native dark bee. We don't treat them with anything and just leave the to get on with doing what they do best - pollinate and make honey for themselves. <br />
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Bee conservation needs to mature beyond producing the next jar of honey.<br />
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Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-88921981273693876322011-09-20T17:32:00.014+01:002011-09-28T19:16:07.255+01:00Thriving Bee HiveVarroa strips were added to the hive on the 19th of September. The following image shows the amount of varroa that had dropped out of the hive by September 29th.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaXPLnhHAlAT77XswGM_AFOfti43kHRA_GVydMQsQdwfc4P4S3o6Hfm_OvQS1HQUktu9mN8MwL-V5k4KU4NJF3_cf76WnR9viXCGDJL6yspSnqQcw38YjaypbNwcsvAd4r5heDxB_cfm_/s1600/bees+021.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaXPLnhHAlAT77XswGM_AFOfti43kHRA_GVydMQsQdwfc4P4S3o6Hfm_OvQS1HQUktu9mN8MwL-V5k4KU4NJF3_cf76WnR9viXCGDJL6yspSnqQcw38YjaypbNwcsvAd4r5heDxB_cfm_/s320/bees+021.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />
The highest concentration of varroa in the drop tray were in the area directly below the brood. Even though the strips were placed in the four corners of the hive away from the brood. This indicates the highest concentration of varroa in the hive is in the brood. Otherwise varroa were fairly evenly distributed on the drop tray. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu8-iYUulGNAJSGm4LExaMJqnM0ExIcmXSU7uGfNBFkHGne0X0yjFvIz8I4t4__1MmauWFkKj3oADVjYcIoeXn-ufALnfoFQEictWkHbra3q8usD5E4hClokBOCnHRRCu_auxbJgWus_Ab/s1600/bees+021.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu8-iYUulGNAJSGm4LExaMJqnM0ExIcmXSU7uGfNBFkHGne0X0yjFvIz8I4t4__1MmauWFkKj3oADVjYcIoeXn-ufALnfoFQEictWkHbra3q8usD5E4hClokBOCnHRRCu_auxbJgWus_Ab/s320/bees+021.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Close up of the varroa on the drop tray highlighted by black circles<br />
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Images taken at the Limerick City bee hive on Sunday 19th of September. The hive is thriving and the warm weather has brought on lots of activity. <br />
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The bees are being treated for the varroa mite. Generally I would prefer to use more ecologically sensitive treatments but that will require a long term integrated solution ...and a lot more research. For now, - rather reluctantly - we are treating the bees with bayvarol strips as we don't want to take any chances of losing the hive to varroa over the winter months.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs13VbXT2sbVV90eryMim2nMcpXUKjglh6hyZAjfdeuvNILoGzY3G2qg_rDH1IOHxv73TC4pEq9h4wahHZFM99y2yEqvVOBKZ41ARAfZ2i8FPZ7UL9wwAl5r8a9G7VgKxFaBTojVD7S3Sh/s1600/bee+images+025.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs13VbXT2sbVV90eryMim2nMcpXUKjglh6hyZAjfdeuvNILoGzY3G2qg_rDH1IOHxv73TC4pEq9h4wahHZFM99y2yEqvVOBKZ41ARAfZ2i8FPZ7UL9wwAl5r8a9G7VgKxFaBTojVD7S3Sh/s320/bee+images+025.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>Bee, bee in flight and bee shadow. The white powder coating on the stationary bee is pollan from the invasive Himalayan Balsam. Bees love this plant for its nectar!.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimktCP9EOo2l8PDTqT2jvDQE1q4A6mMOWdcslKJ76C-vWNKH6IHc8nBdd165q3n9L_5uQCy5_er7D6hVyNBsdjvd4JzFO11o3JIxZNpXwyZPeXuAaYkDQSY5uHT2f_h5ZEha2gRix_a5sk/s1600/bee+images+029.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimktCP9EOo2l8PDTqT2jvDQE1q4A6mMOWdcslKJ76C-vWNKH6IHc8nBdd165q3n9L_5uQCy5_er7D6hVyNBsdjvd4JzFO11o3JIxZNpXwyZPeXuAaYkDQSY5uHT2f_h5ZEha2gRix_a5sk/s320/bee+images+029.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> A wasp trying to enter a small and crowded hive entrance. The bees had no problem flying in and out but the wasps were put off by the crowded entrance.</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMm-yll9kay02mzveoFwSW8QcFixghWgQ15tOGbxt5t0RuC3fRiZokY8hBYQxZ_MQrb5Nn18Lfpx1LQgWHzMHkgP8UhErronRzbs6CiuSAeqp1j3b9K-aQesWo_ulloAzbAFCR4hbxDccW/s1600/bee+images+032.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMm-yll9kay02mzveoFwSW8QcFixghWgQ15tOGbxt5t0RuC3fRiZokY8hBYQxZ_MQrb5Nn18Lfpx1LQgWHzMHkgP8UhErronRzbs6CiuSAeqp1j3b9K-aQesWo_ulloAzbAFCR4hbxDccW/s320/bee+images+032.JPG" width="255" /></a></div>The small and well protected hive entrance. On advice from a local bee keeper we delibertatley kept the hive entrance small to make it easier for the bees to guard against wasps - especially as the hive is new and still quite vulnerable. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-5U3rzOK7nifjKUgf9rCTCuaTDgeWON9kPPfr3eRuueVbLxGI9qa0z2vJjdHHGzITKKpW9lRK6I63X43F2CWn_7AcPGz5kCqH5whGKYEDzf70omNALdg_oUldEFH5BmRy1Md3k2YjyT8M/s1600/bee+images+044.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-5U3rzOK7nifjKUgf9rCTCuaTDgeWON9kPPfr3eRuueVbLxGI9qa0z2vJjdHHGzITKKpW9lRK6I63X43F2CWn_7AcPGz5kCqH5whGKYEDzf70omNALdg_oUldEFH5BmRy1Md3k2YjyT8M/s320/bee+images+044.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> A bee (about to land) covered in in white <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_Balsam">Himalayan Balsam</a> pollan<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNqcpVZ2vzdMmF-TGQINCxck253J6Ugkf-WbUyDthxl3UjUlSDVYfU7ThOSjLWLJhEwRErMPaRQ3xpMO34AOyqhs6Pd7rc_N9_hRIXccr3ZNgenT3NbDOJUjXsxizTRnkcpzzpXgaXuH8X/s1600/bee+images+057.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNqcpVZ2vzdMmF-TGQINCxck253J6Ugkf-WbUyDthxl3UjUlSDVYfU7ThOSjLWLJhEwRErMPaRQ3xpMO34AOyqhs6Pd7rc_N9_hRIXccr3ZNgenT3NbDOJUjXsxizTRnkcpzzpXgaXuH8X/s320/bee+images+057.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Applying smoke to calm bees before lifting off glass section. The glass was completely sealed tight </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis">propolis</a> and when I eventually wedged the glass open I was hit by a waft of warm air. Propolis may have many functions and I would prefer to design a hive that requires no hive destruction when checking bees. One clear choice for the future is the <a href="http://www.biobees.com/build-a-beehive-free-plans.php">top bar hive</a>. I have heard both poaitive and negative reviews of this type of hive for Irish weather but Bee Limerick will test one ourselves. </div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4yF0eKUqsSVBlGR5sIM7Gu9eAigHf7Wj1qmFgv4gVbiL8cVQDCEix7Ii5_8DDpZgmRlxyXtiSFhxnMnpQ-EQpg-S4LaNu9ZBTqXXfBtxnkhqE8yYiu1FYOBtbsNi-LrMOamiSZDiOsSt3/s1600/bee+images+063.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4yF0eKUqsSVBlGR5sIM7Gu9eAigHf7Wj1qmFgv4gVbiL8cVQDCEix7Ii5_8DDpZgmRlxyXtiSFhxnMnpQ-EQpg-S4LaNu9ZBTqXXfBtxnkhqE8yYiu1FYOBtbsNi-LrMOamiSZDiOsSt3/s320/bee+images+063.JPG" width="213" /></a></div>Applying a small bit more smoke - although I feel I could have worked away without the smoke altogether as the bees were totually calm. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5_T8ZhheoyjGpgn26dJ8VsWLb5LC50VqT1JGSKscX53QymiIFKRyD4cdtBnO0SBKUNnVAPxV8uWWv_uG8fLN4NVb_rKJQ16NXssMBsFctigvCK5G8-n-AfmXQ94XTtgHo6V3ik_OZnPw-/s1600/bee+images+068.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5_T8ZhheoyjGpgn26dJ8VsWLb5LC50VqT1JGSKscX53QymiIFKRyD4cdtBnO0SBKUNnVAPxV8uWWv_uG8fLN4NVb_rKJQ16NXssMBsFctigvCK5G8-n-AfmXQ94XTtgHo6V3ik_OZnPw-/s320/bee+images+068.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>Inserting the bayvarol strips. A strip is placed in each corner and away from the main brood which is concentrated in the centre of the hive<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirrhUH4OMhZ6dTIL6qpY_xt8DmDnygmD8dUGA7tTHKNkYYM1NnYjMrnmsvAe5f9_fqO4F3KiynBSSMruX3Ow2hTm1A_r6VCJ1YZxlCYlyf7Ds7kokvveDRN6GtzDnyMeSxE6SEunSXHB6W/s1600/bee+images+073.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirrhUH4OMhZ6dTIL6qpY_xt8DmDnygmD8dUGA7tTHKNkYYM1NnYjMrnmsvAe5f9_fqO4F3KiynBSSMruX3Ow2hTm1A_r6VCJ1YZxlCYlyf7Ds7kokvveDRN6GtzDnyMeSxE6SEunSXHB6W/s320/bee+images+073.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> Carefully re-attaching the grass viewing cover - without hurting any bees : )<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWNHVZXbXt8n6eE5D6sIeCnsuW2CIL97zX2BC6p_jLeWmd04UBj2DLbkFTO0StftfIjAXlpNcxmsk5ix8byoJ3PaRIGuXLbgXD-4KaLLSdTRAnpUhRxTVrTojv2KL1ZZIXXEBk_yiOfbL1/s1600/bee+images+076.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWNHVZXbXt8n6eE5D6sIeCnsuW2CIL97zX2BC6p_jLeWmd04UBj2DLbkFTO0StftfIjAXlpNcxmsk5ix8byoJ3PaRIGuXLbgXD-4KaLLSdTRAnpUhRxTVrTojv2KL1ZZIXXEBk_yiOfbL1/s320/bee+images+076.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> And finally re-attaching the roof<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QGqShdoodw1uAQ-OB_b2v22E1vKaAvpGSx7Y3hCnY9tluPyVuJqjiDrKbO7nUIXzxgLxPfzVqL4yU8RYPLBnwGvJVugMxXdknJ3tHf3VO2_fhXZMUrV2Xp9gL5Rsapz0uFE0PDMrj_BB/s1600/bee+images+078.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QGqShdoodw1uAQ-OB_b2v22E1vKaAvpGSx7Y3hCnY9tluPyVuJqjiDrKbO7nUIXzxgLxPfzVqL4yU8RYPLBnwGvJVugMxXdknJ3tHf3VO2_fhXZMUrV2Xp9gL5Rsapz0uFE0PDMrj_BB/s320/bee+images+078.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> Job done! The bees were actually very calm throughout the whole process. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhucpwdNUYPksZ6x1oRJepXzQZrV6wVJDTOXGkfYk3LUsRU0VKjW2Zq6Vs3gf3-Gqfz_9-IFRDAx0H4EHW50AjKxPwbpLgiPB9GPSTZy2fHu6obGYYX0uvctx0Ro0EgIBFOisr5lH2-0fDm/s1600/bee+images+082.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhucpwdNUYPksZ6x1oRJepXzQZrV6wVJDTOXGkfYk3LUsRU0VKjW2Zq6Vs3gf3-Gqfz_9-IFRDAx0H4EHW50AjKxPwbpLgiPB9GPSTZy2fHu6obGYYX0uvctx0Ro0EgIBFOisr5lH2-0fDm/s320/bee+images+082.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> Varroa showing in the hiveBee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-40978656348700919772011-09-18T19:01:00.012+01:002013-08-24T16:21:55.326+01:00Non Violent Bee KeepingMost people are aware that honey bees are disappearing at an alarming rate, in what has come to be known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder">Colony Collapse Disorder</a>. Besides <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varroa_destructor">Verroa Destructer</a> that attacks Apis Cerana and Apis Mellifera, most literature focuses the blame on external factors outside the hive like increased pesticide use, changing farm practices and loss of biodiversity. <br />
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Bee hive ecology has developed over millions of years and a <a href="http://www.google.ie/imgres?q=natural+bee+hive&um=1&hl=ga&sa=N&tbm=isch&tbnid=kJQvD9HVtE_bAM:&imgrefurl=http://benefitsofhoneyblog.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-bees-to-build-a-bee-hive/&docid=R1Y9uLn6yvsI7M&w=480&h=720&ei=1jp3TomlHYWY8QOVo6DMDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=719&vpy=105&dur=2465&hovh=275&hovw=183&tx=90&ty=111&page=1&tbnh=152&tbnw=101&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&biw=1366&bih=656">natural bee hive</a> hanging from a tree looks nothing like the <a href="http://www.google.ie/imgres?q=inside+bee+hive&um=1&hl=ga&sa=G&tbm=isch&tbnid=ipLYdRX0FkZQVM:&imgrefurl=http://www.pansplace.com/third-other.html&docid=_d7nlbiW94FUXM&w=600&h=450&ei=ez53ToGPN9K38QPOgvGXCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=536&vpy=225&dur=27&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=107&ty=104&page=2&tbnh=130&tbnw=180&start=18&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:18&biw=1366&bih=656">national bee hives</a> developed by modern bee keepers. Natural bee hives evolution is clearly designed for increased hive resilience and survival of the hive. In contrast, the evolution of the modern bee hive is exclusively focussed on maximising honey production with little or no regard for bee well-being. It is clear that controlling bees for maximum honey production instead of giving them the room and freedom to create hive resilience is part of the CCD problem. This logic was never questioned until bees started to collapse, pollination reduced and honey production began to dry up. <br />
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Natural bee hives are sophisticated fine tuned micro eco-systems where every creature plays his/her role....on the opposite spectrum modern bee keeping is little more than a bee factory where the bees are periodically dosed with chemicals, pulled apart for inspection, moved around and even have their drone stocks 'culled' - all with the aim of maximising honey production. In a natural setting we need bees for honey and pollination and they don't actually need us for anything. So isn't it time we started developing modern bee keeping methods to consider more resilient hives and happier bees. Maybe if we start to give them what they need to thrive they will supply us with the 'goods and services' of pollination which we need for our own survival...and a little honey and wax too : ))<br />
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It is disempowering when I read about all those huge external pressures on honey bee populations - because in the short term I can do very little about that. Although we are beginning to address this with the <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Limerick-City-Biodiversity-Network/239729362738595?sk=wall">bee friendly biodiversity network</a>. - but if I start by asking the question - 'how can I reduce the internal stresses at the bee hive level to create more resilient hives and happier bees?' At least happy bees in a strong hive have a greater chance of dealing with mounting external pressures..... and give us a little more wiggle room to start addressing those broader issues.<br />
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Rather than researching this topic too much more I stumbled upon a great article by <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Philip_Chandler">Philip Chandlier</a> called <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Non-Violent-Beekeeping-for-the-Natural-Beekeeper&id=6011767">Non Violent Bee Keeping for the Natural Bee Keeper</a>. And it is really worth a read : )Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-65054420090652811082011-08-27T15:24:00.008+01:002011-08-27T18:06:45.752+01:00<strong>Bee Limerick and <span lang="EN-GB">Limerick City Biodiversity Network </span></strong><br />
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Our bees are now well established in Limerick City - so the next step is making sure they have enough to eat, especially over the leaner months of early spring and late autumn. So Bee Limerick have decided to get involved in an exciting project of expanding biodiversity areas within the city to increase the bees foraging areas ....as well as bringing floral splashes to our city. <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiZYouRdiEgHGnPYPaBsz0XX9VUBA-4eJAMZltWe2bSKXx8W74Jtr80O-mduu4UvKFCDVYcpTS7CM5r5Wf-9hGczqz5sWVtUcPtacfEgEIZx8BW9TREI5dw1CpMcCjY5-gaSMKIR-ws-cJ/s1600/stuffy+060.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiZYouRdiEgHGnPYPaBsz0XX9VUBA-4eJAMZltWe2bSKXx8W74Jtr80O-mduu4UvKFCDVYcpTS7CM5r5Wf-9hGczqz5sWVtUcPtacfEgEIZx8BW9TREI5dw1CpMcCjY5-gaSMKIR-ws-cJ/s400/stuffy+060.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Biodiverity planted flower bed with King John's castle in the background</td></tr>
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We have a little 'growing' revolution happening here in Limerick : ) with lots of community gardens springing up throughout the city and supplying veg and fruit for local people. The planting of flowers, trees and shrubs are a continuous food source for other city residents, namely the local ecology. Earlier this year the Limerick Biodiversity Network secured its first piece of land along Clancy Strand to plant native flowers, schrubs and trees to increase the city's ecological resilience. <span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">The project is not just a draw for local butterflies and bumblebees as many people are being drawn to the area to take photos and enjoy the amazing floral displays. It is the plan to erect an information board describing the various plants, their ecologival values and the range of biodiversity they attract and support. </span><br />
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So B<span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">ee Limerick will work alonside Limerick Biodiversity Network and its partners Green Limerick to build on this energy and roll out the project across the city in 2012. This will see </span><span lang="EN-GB">waste land, under used and overgrown green areas within the city converted into ecological habitats by planting native flowers</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB">shrubs</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"> and trees.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> We hope, o</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">ver time a network of planted areas will begin to spring up around the city</span> <span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">supporting a diverse range of flowering, fruiting and seeding plants such as wild Irish flowers, native apple trees and herbs. Any planting regime will be developed in </span><span lang="EN-GB">collaboration with </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">community groups and the local authority </span><span lang="EN-GB">and </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">integrated with the </span><span lang="EN-GB">various other environmental initiatives </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">being created through the</span><span lang="EN-GB"> Green Limerick platform</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">, including the Bee Limerick initiative. </span><br />
So if we get the community to plant in their own areas, the bees will pollinate the plants and together (bees and people) we can make Limerick City honey. We envisage a city-wide biodiverity walk to be enjoyed by community and visitors. <br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">It is important to </span><span lang="EN-GB">encourage </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">schools and local communities</span><span lang="EN-GB"> to get involved from the beginning by selecting sites to incorporate into the</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"> biodiversity</span><span lang="EN-GB"> network and in collaboration with Limerick City Biodiversity Network </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">and Green Limerick, </span><span lang="EN-GB">design a suitable planting scheme for the area in order to submit a detailed proposal to the </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">c</span><span lang="EN-GB">ity council.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">These</span><span lang="EN-GB"> project</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">s</span> <span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">will encourage</span><span lang="EN-GB"> a greater sense of civic responsibility and pride</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"> at a local level by giving communities the means to support and maintain urban ecology and beautify their own areas</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">‘This is really about devolving some planning and management of green areas to local commnity groups and giving them a sense of ownership, which in time will generate a collective effort that contributes to the beautifying and betterment of the city as a whole.’ says Diarmuid Neilan of Green Limerick. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<span lang="EN-GB">So if you’d like to take part in this project, do contact the Limerick City Biodiversity Network at <a href="mailto:limerickbiodiversity@gmail.com"><span style="color: blue;">limerickbiodiversity@gmail.com</span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">or visit Green Limerick face book page for project updates and up coming events<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/GreenLimerick"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.facebook.com/GreenLimerick</span></a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">bee Limerick initiative<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><a href="http://beelimerick.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://beelimerick.blogspot.com/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-21159814784806409332011-07-19T22:21:00.002+01:002012-01-09T20:02:37.855+00:00The arrival of our first bees to Limerick City<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">Bee Limerick</span></b><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"> have brought their first bee colony into Limerick City thanks to the pledges made by the many generous people. The bees are the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">native Irish dark bee</b> Apis <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mellifera Mellifera </i>and were sourced from a reputable supplier.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Presently the amount of bees in the hive number between 10,000- 20,000. If the weather improves and the hive thrives -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>we hope the population in the hive will expand to 50,000 plus over the summer. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The bee hive we are using is called a national standard hive and it was generously donated by bee keeper John O’Neill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is our hope to make a more ecological sound second hive known as a ‘Top Bar’ hive. The idea is to compare the honey yields and colony successes of the National hive verses the Top Bar hive. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The bees were given to us by county Limerick bee keeper Leslie Hartigan. Recognition must be given to Leslie for offering us the bees at a huge knock down price as Irish bees are very scarce these days and a nucleus may fetch anywhere between 175 – 275 euros. Leslie has also been very helpful in giving us bundles of advice to help Bee Limerick find our feet.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">We will have a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">honey back guarantee</b> of Limerick City honey in 2012 for all pledges, if the colonies are successful! </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">Please stay posted </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: GA;">for updates on our general progress, hive<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>making and honey processing classes. </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjckO0FrkiGDqCRBBRV41b6aenMhe41CL23Z9K3ScHbI7iChSaGfTtQWWI_gx4siVI8yShy5D6ZY2IlLNVaDwAiNJQtR8wZbq9KtFZnByD1UWJu3zPPQegED14OcEajH3CkzoaIGvAoBGV/s1600/015.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjckO0FrkiGDqCRBBRV41b6aenMhe41CL23Z9K3ScHbI7iChSaGfTtQWWI_gx4siVI8yShy5D6ZY2IlLNVaDwAiNJQtR8wZbq9KtFZnByD1UWJu3zPPQegED14OcEajH3CkzoaIGvAoBGV/s320/015.JPG" width="214" /></a></div> Our third visit to Leslie and our first look at our hive with the new bee nucleus installed<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9J45jEHDXH1EuyhLFmhK7_id7L6CkaxK01zz-ltVftP8CFfiD0clHBJDBY_AAtgSQ74ADQuzu_QG2J5NwYmUd-My1R8-jWQq0aNNN6KBH5yjCnUP0yOiJrPRmk4LHrI97cLTBn1Yqwyd/s1600/011.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9J45jEHDXH1EuyhLFmhK7_id7L6CkaxK01zz-ltVftP8CFfiD0clHBJDBY_AAtgSQ74ADQuzu_QG2J5NwYmUd-My1R8-jWQq0aNNN6KBH5yjCnUP0yOiJrPRmk4LHrI97cLTBn1Yqwyd/s320/011.JPG" width="214" /></a></div> Leslie inspecting the varroa tray. Our hive has the all clear : ))<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixxPvKXf6W-89Y1LRrh49WvMsztxpymXdNi4tlvOc_CnKlKawXgatqxUBUxh3NwUPc6ax2JjkFPt9ziloZRAuL0zakoWf6S242pJkxK2C-s-bTV7lohY5JNMCxwulwLp0NvN2Owqrage6D/s1600/008.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixxPvKXf6W-89Y1LRrh49WvMsztxpymXdNi4tlvOc_CnKlKawXgatqxUBUxh3NwUPc6ax2JjkFPt9ziloZRAuL0zakoWf6S242pJkxK2C-s-bTV7lohY5JNMCxwulwLp0NvN2Owqrage6D/s320/008.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> Thorough inspection of our hive for vorroa and yep we have the all clear : ))<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzXqgXVYDY-3RvWmUkNyXJetQ9HsX7CZ1AM7rzFvwTEGuuE4Vym1O02t95ktzpdbkFPQ_82SZRGW4fqxxmqk0TDmKe9XaWTx0w4BhQEYCTuEnTKou44LBfKvlG7_yfVt6WjHNohzryIZr3/s1600/035.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzXqgXVYDY-3RvWmUkNyXJetQ9HsX7CZ1AM7rzFvwTEGuuE4Vym1O02t95ktzpdbkFPQ_82SZRGW4fqxxmqk0TDmKe9XaWTx0w4BhQEYCTuEnTKou44LBfKvlG7_yfVt6WjHNohzryIZr3/s320/035.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> Luciana and Brian look on as Leslie describes in detail the behaviour of the bees<br />
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<div style="border: currentColor;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh21-5oGAK6jFJQ-4YSrjPeuWfjYPYdHSimolTpN3DB7ht3B5XKxwhtUcQWpfgMk8hE4IEeHjLN2k8Oz_DbjE2tlI1f0amG9ur79L7WnqTar5M-Z22euR1xt-NKC8RE2m4SlddKp4rKaN_y/s1600/039.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh21-5oGAK6jFJQ-4YSrjPeuWfjYPYdHSimolTpN3DB7ht3B5XKxwhtUcQWpfgMk8hE4IEeHjLN2k8Oz_DbjE2tlI1f0amG9ur79L7WnqTar5M-Z22euR1xt-NKC8RE2m4SlddKp4rKaN_y/s320/039.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><strong> Bee Propolis</strong>: a resinous mixture that honey bees collect from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. It is used as a sealant for unwanted open spaces in the hive.<br />
Propolis is used for small gaps (approximately 6 millimeters (0.24 in) or less), while larger spaces are usually filled with beeswax.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVBuODND7djdtEYPwrYm1jje7z1_mSviAUND5Ym2gQmPGPfGz5QfghwHL8j3vRaIztpiIs1gFEhQb6ppHbsfEFDc-_9fjrZKsRTGEuQ3FosMr4OYoHxOaIR0sunrY7fW_BJFLi-o7zV1Y5/s1600/048.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVBuODND7djdtEYPwrYm1jje7z1_mSviAUND5Ym2gQmPGPfGz5QfghwHL8j3vRaIztpiIs1gFEhQb6ppHbsfEFDc-_9fjrZKsRTGEuQ3FosMr4OYoHxOaIR0sunrY7fW_BJFLi-o7zV1Y5/s320/048.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The five frames from the mini nucleus inserted into our hive. In time the bees will expand out to fill all frames....with luck!!</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP54c1SW0Hpy9P3szjIqb7UN2oUtkkMdUUSOaWQx5QA85hiO_LquA7q9KR2rbFHaJaINYBvBKgsc0Ku6yH4FnO9r16reoJ5XBj9ouwNVE3JsJfHGCWLDGpGRj3CX158aupSoDK0HaKNmN-/s1600/052.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP54c1SW0Hpy9P3szjIqb7UN2oUtkkMdUUSOaWQx5QA85hiO_LquA7q9KR2rbFHaJaINYBvBKgsc0Ku6yH4FnO9r16reoJ5XBj9ouwNVE3JsJfHGCWLDGpGRj3CX158aupSoDK0HaKNmN-/s320/052.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Leslie sharing some truly important information with us on maintaining a thriving hive</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rtcjaL0wbuQxOlULmQCTF19fbtiycH_gOV9HpOziHkTjNtUJKjl4Jw_AyLX3-WmkdCK1KuFHlbXUZ6fnAPQxe2E_N-i27EbAblfxPf8yjWQ-J1DT2yIOz4xGuXk60eAhcNfgTpd0ClIo/s1600/065.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rtcjaL0wbuQxOlULmQCTF19fbtiycH_gOV9HpOziHkTjNtUJKjl4Jw_AyLX3-WmkdCK1KuFHlbXUZ6fnAPQxe2E_N-i27EbAblfxPf8yjWQ-J1DT2yIOz4xGuXk60eAhcNfgTpd0ClIo/s320/065.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> And finally.....we have our first bee hive safely installed in Limerick CityBee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-58171278183258772952011-07-16T17:10:00.003+01:002011-07-16T17:17:14.143+01:00Sustainable Bee KeepingBee Limerick is about creating a resilient urban ecology that will support native bees and other wildlife to thrive within the city limits. It is very important that we influence the planting regime in the city to consider native Irish flowers, shrubs and trees. But what about the actual hives the bees live in? The traditional national hives are expensive, heavy and all the extra little bits needed really begin to add up in cost. Wouldn't be great to have a more natural bee hive that is more sustainable, low-impact, low-cost, chemical-free, small-scale, 'organic', that requires the use of simple equipment that almost anyone can make at home. Sounds good to me : )<br />
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This is when we came across the very informative website <a href="http://www.biobees.com/">http://www.biobees.com/</a> which is all about sustainable bee keeping, and <strong><a href="http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/the-barefoot-beekeeper/11599500">The Barefoot Beekeeper</a></strong> which is a revolutionary book about 'sustainable', chemical-free beekeeping, showing how it can be simplified and made accessible to all, including people with disabilities, as with this method there is no heavy lifting involved.<br />
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The author strips away all unnecessary complication and confusion, demonstrating that 'modern' beekeeping methods are largely to blame for the poor state of health of the honeybee and that the commercialization of beekeeping marked the start of the disease and parasite problems that honeybees have been trying to deal with ever since. <br />
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The author advocates small-scale, sustainable beekeeping, with minimal disturbance to the bees and more time spent observing and learning from them. This book shows how you can make everything you need to keep bees yourself, using recycled materials and simple tools: you do not need to buy any additional equipment at all, nor do you need synthetic medications or other chemicals.<br />
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Sustainable kee keeping is all about the 'top bar hives' or 'natural beekeeping' and the biobees website has an amazing 44 page free manual on <a href="http://www.lulu.com/product/ebook/how-to-build-a-top-bar-hive/15321150?productTrackingContext=search_results/search_shelf/center/1">how to make your first top-bar bee hive</a>.<br />
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This will definitely be an up coming project for bee limerick. Also it will be interesting to record the success and failures of each hive design over the period of one year.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB_Ro-pi2gGlwju8YOd-vBpDUt19cs2S0HnvHb2KevIx8xCnMpJKg6TIHKbAM_AhhniJAFhc6rKNpYH5sK0oTzIN8YC1HpMbE-D7b6jMZBSmWuGQ_j1Xj8Y-ea_14iIQ4eh72KbLhC36JU/s1600/top-bar-hive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB_Ro-pi2gGlwju8YOd-vBpDUt19cs2S0HnvHb2KevIx8xCnMpJKg6TIHKbAM_AhhniJAFhc6rKNpYH5sK0oTzIN8YC1HpMbE-D7b6jMZBSmWuGQ_j1Xj8Y-ea_14iIQ4eh72KbLhC36JU/s320/top-bar-hive.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Top bar bee hive with viewing window so bees can be observed without disturbing them and altering the temperature in the hive Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-68311659949983286882011-05-30T18:01:00.001+01:002011-05-30T18:14:19.553+01:00Identifying Native Bumble BeesIreland has one native honey bee, 20 bumble bees and 80 solitary bees species. Ireland’s bee fauna is less than half the size of that in Britain, which has about 260 species, and is very depauperate is comparison to central Europe.<br />
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<strong>Bumble bees</strong><br />
Bumble bees are social and live in colonies with a Queen, female workers and some males. From a total of 20 Irish species, 6 species are cuckoo bumblebees and don’t make their own nests, but instead lay their eggs in the nest of a true bumblebee. <br />
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The National Biodiversity Data Centre has a list of <a href="http://apps.biodiversityireland.ie/BeesBrowser/">species profiles for Irish bees</a><br />
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The natural history museum in London has released an <a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/insects-spiders/bumblebee-id/flash-version/">interactive tool to help you identify bees</a> <br />
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Rothamsted the agricultural research centre in England makes available a simple diagram to help group bumblebees according to their colour. <a href="http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/pie/BumblebeeSurvey/IDGuide.pdf" target="_blank">UK Bumblebee Colour Groups</a>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-70838498573922913622011-05-28T11:51:00.001+01:002011-05-28T11:53:41.965+01:00Local Bee Visitors<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnINaIWeiWRSV22dPcndkYfQ9SkpwPmdaqewxRC04M-wbWngxh7gxsJO4KNQYRL0VLEPTtZxkWdC7GT6QOc51IlCcAOgoX2clKWExipPL1Y6XnTUzlVnr0WaMH96c0TBOyLnvs4GPuq7a2/s1600/native+Bee.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnINaIWeiWRSV22dPcndkYfQ9SkpwPmdaqewxRC04M-wbWngxh7gxsJO4KNQYRL0VLEPTtZxkWdC7GT6QOc51IlCcAOgoX2clKWExipPL1Y6XnTUzlVnr0WaMH96c0TBOyLnvs4GPuq7a2/s320/native+Bee.JPG" t8="true" width="320" /></a></div><strong> Flower</strong> Common Fumitory, <i>Fumaria officinalis, </i>Camán searraigh díge<br />
<strong> Bee</strong> Common carder bumble bee - <em>Bombus pascuorum </em><br />
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<strong>Common carder bumble</strong> bee - <em>Bombus pascuorum . </em>It is a surface-nesting bumble bee which constructs its nest in cavities such as old mouse runs and among mats of moss in lawns.Nests can contain up to 200 workers. Only the young fertilised queen survives the winter, having hibernated in a protected place such as a hole or under moss. She emerges in spring, either starting up her own colony or taking over an existing one. The queen makes pots of wax and pollen into which the first eggs are laid.This species is a long-tongued bee which prefers flowers with a long flower tube such as red and white clover and lavender and members of the <span class="italic">Labiate</span> family.Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-5866371583227554412010-12-05T14:22:00.008+00:002010-12-05T14:53:41.512+00:00Major Native and Naturalised Foraging Plants for Irish bees<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">Major Native and Naturalised Foraging Plants for Irish bees</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">Bees require a wide range of plants to forage on throughout the seasons. Some flowers are valued for their nectar while others are pollen sources; some plants yield both. To a bee keeper an important bee plant is when it is abundant enough in one area to produce sufficient nectar that the bee keeper can confidently say that the honey in the supers can be attributed mainly to that flower. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">As the flowering period for most plants is usually confined to one month or two throughout the year, it is vital bees can find enough forage through the lean early months to build up their colonies and in the later months to have sufficient winter storage.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">As farming practices move towards monoculture farming and greater land use ‘efficiency’ the diversity of plant species is greatly diminished and ecological resilience is lost. There is a great opportunity for urban dwellers to plant bee friendly plants so a network of bee friendly gardens can be built up throughout the city and a resilient urban ecology can be established that supports bees and other pollinators. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">It is also important to plant native and naturalised plants as they will have wider benefits for other native species. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
<span lang="EN-IE" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">Major Native and Naturalised Foraging Plants for Irish Bees</span><br />
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td rowspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Common name</span></b></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Botanical name</span></b></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">10:high rating</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">1:low rating</span></b></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Family</span></b></div></td><td colspan="5" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 153pt;" valign="top" width="204"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Flowering Time</span></b></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Up to May</span></b></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">June</span></b></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">July </span></b></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Aug.</span></b></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">After </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Aug.</span></b></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Apple</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Any Native variety</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">5</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rosaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Blackberry</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rubus fruiticosus</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">8</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rosaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Blackthorn</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">(sloe)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Prunas spinosa</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rosaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Clover, Red</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Trifolium</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">5</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Legumin -osae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Clover, White</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Trifolium</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Legumin -osae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Clover,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Sweet</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Trifolium</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Legumin -osae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Cherry</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Prunas sp</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">5</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rosaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes </span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Chestnut Horse (naturalised)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Aesclus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">hippocastanum</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">4</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">hippocastanum</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Dandelion</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Taraxacum </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">officinale</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Compasitae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Gorse</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Ulex sp</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">6</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Leguminosae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Hawthorn</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Crataegus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">monogyna</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">6</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rosaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Heather, Bell</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Erica</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">cinerea</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">8</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Ericaeae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Heather,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Ling</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Calluna</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">vulgaris</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Ericaeae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Holly</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Llex</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">aquifolium</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">4</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Aquifoliaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Ivy</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">(most important</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Sept –Nov)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Hedera </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">helix</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Araliaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Sea Lavender</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Limonium</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">vulgare</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Plumbaginaceae</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;"></span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Mustard,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">White </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">(naturalised)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Sinapsis </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">alba</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Cruciferae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Parsnip</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Partinaca </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">sativa</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Umbelliferae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Phacelia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">(naturalised?)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Phacelia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">tanacetifolia</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Hydrophyllaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rape,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Wild </span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Brassica </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">napis</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Cruciferae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Raspberry</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rubus </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">adaeus</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Rosaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Sunflower</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">(naturalised)</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Hellianthus sp</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Compositae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Thistle</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Cirsium sp</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">8</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Compositae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 57.6pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Willow</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 68.4pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Salix sp</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 63pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Salicaceae</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Yes</span></div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 36pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #f0f0f0; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 27pt;" valign="top" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td colspan="9" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: #f0f0f0; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 387pt;" valign="top" width="516"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Fruit – Cherry, Pear, plum and apple along with blackthorn occur early in the year and can give the colony pollen and nectar for a good early build up in the spring months. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Willow – an extremely important source of early pollen. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Sycamore – important source of pollen and nectar early in the season.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Ivy – very important end of season for nectar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">Blackberry – important dependable bee plant due to long flowering period.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ref: Practical Beekeeping by Clive de Bruyn</span></div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-73690077882950183582010-10-19T15:34:00.000+01:002010-10-19T15:34:53.432+01:00Bee project contributes to Newcastle Sustainable City Award....Update about their work on Alison Benjamin’s blog<h2>Bees in Newcastle</h2><div class="entry">Newcastle has been named the greenest city in Britain by topping the annual <a href="http://www.forumforthefuture.org/projects/sustainable-cities10">Forum for the Future Sustainable Cities Index</a> for the second year running. The accolade rewards the strides the city council has taken to improve energy efficiency, recycling, waste management levels and increase the use of electric vehicles with nearly 600 charging points. Yet the headlines about Newcastle’s triumph focused on its bee strategy. <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/oct/18/bees-newcastle-green-city-sustainability"><strong>Bees help keep Newcastle at top of green city table</strong> </a>said the Guardian.<br />
I visited the North East last month at the invitation of the council-led bee steering group to witness a range of initiatives being implemented to make Newcastle the most bee-friendly city in the UK. The strategy was launched earlier this year following a motion put to the council by Cllr Doreen Huddar who was greatly concerned about the decline in bee populations. In just a few months, a group including allotment holders, beekeepers, council workers and university researchers have been able to do a number of things to help bees from planting more bee-friendly plants (getting rid of those useless double headed varieties) in munipical flower beds and reducing the use of residual herbicide in footpaths to changing the terms of reference on allotments to allow bee hives and working with a city farm to establish a central venue for beekeeper training. It has also provided 20 bumble bee homes for sites across the city, is working with the Northumberland Wildlife Trust and local beekeepers to get bee material and hives into schools, and has two council-sponsored hives. And there are also “Love our bees!” leaflets and posters in municipal buildings with tips for how residents can help bees.<br />
More information about the strategy and a comprehensive list of bee-friendly plants are at <a href="http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/bees">www.newcastle.gov.uk/bees</a>.<br />
Further good news is that Nottingham and Bristol council are taking an interest in Newcastle’s approach, and the project leaders will be spreading the word next month at the EuroCities conference in Zaragoza, Spain.<br />
I was certainly impressed at the speed with which Newcastle’s bee strategy was being driven through, the partners involved and the good will on all sides. Even a council director admitted that he was surprised at its rapid progress.<br />
“Councils are renowed for being slow and bureaucratic. This is the exception. They just got on with it,” he said proudly. “Within an hour of the first meeting staff were saying ‘crickey we’re growing the wrong flowers’”.<br />
Special praise must go to Joe Timothy and Russell Nelson, two young council employees who as members of its innovation forum have led the project from the start. They knew nothing about bees, but are now known as the bee boys. But without an elected councillor none of this would have happened. So let’s hope other councillors follow Doreen’s example and get their councils to act as bee champions.</div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-54956975259398445912010-10-02T18:01:00.002+01:002010-10-02T20:27:33.149+01:00City Council Bee Initiative in Newcastle, U.K.<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It seems we are not alone at Bee-Limerick in our quest to halt the decline of honey bees. The Newcastle City Council in the U.K. is rolling out a very exciting <a href="http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/bees">Bee Aware</a> strategy to address the issue of declining bees. They have carried out an amazing amount of work since being established in January 2010. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/may/31/animalwelfare.environment">Alison Benjamin</a> from the Guardian and a renowned author on the topic visited the city recently to see what was happening; she was very impressed as to all the work being carried out and is now helping to promote their work more widely. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In future we will be looking to share some experience and even visit some of the work in Newcastle. This will be a great opportunity to share knowledge and hopefully build a lasting partnership. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Given the global nature of the issue, the Newcastle group are looking to create a countrywide and in the long term (hopefully) a European wide partnership to tackle the issue. They have already begun contacting UK authorities and initiatives. Bee Limerick will definitely be the Irish connection with the view to rolling out the same project here.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Newcastle group have a great Bee Aware <a href="http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/bees">website</a> and is really worth a visit </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">J</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Bee Steering Group has been established consisting of: Local bee keepers, Newcastle University, Northumberland Wildlife Trust, Natural England, Allotment Holders, The Great North Museum and a number of other interested parties.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Their Objectives include:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">To raise awareness of the situation with residents and encourage them to be more Bee Friendly</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">To establish a baseline as to where bees are at present </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">To increase the number of bees in the city by providing the conditions to allow them to flourish and by installing bee homes</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Various work streams have been established.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These include<u></u></span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Homes and Habitats<u></u></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Communication, Awareness and Engagement<u></u></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Education and Training</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">It makes it all the more worth while when we see other groups trying to achieve similiar objectives. And most importantly of all - if similiar projects catch on throughout Ireland, U.K. and the rest of Europe - there may be hope for our bees yet :)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><br />
</div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-7866204859615307052010-09-22T10:25:00.001+01:002010-09-22T11:09:48.857+01:00French Artist and Beekeeper Olivier Darné Proclaims "Time Is Honey"It wasn’t your everyday art installation: on Tuesday 70,000 honeybees swarmed busily inside a large mobile hive right in front of Paris’s stock market, where they will be displayed through October 2. The artist and beekeeper <a href="http://www.artinfo.com/search/results/?query=Olivier+Darn%E9">Oliver Darne</a> is behind the project — which was carried out with support from the <strong>World Wildlife Foundation</strong> — and he offered samples of the honey to an intrigued public and to a reporter from the French newspaper <strong>Libération</strong>. <br />
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The "banque du miel" or "honey bank" is intended to produce "honey as well as questions," according to a statement by the artist. Since honeybees’s numbers are declining in France as well as in other parts of the world, the installation reminds visitors of the environmental problems afflicting the species. And it’s not a coincidence that, in addition to installing his work in other French cities as well as Geneva and London, Darné chose to show his bees in front of the Paris stock market. It’s a statement about "two crises, one financial and the other environmental," according to the artist’s <a href="http://banquedumiel.blogspot.com/">blog</a>.<br />
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Darné creates a link between the two crises with his "honey bank," which provides an unusual kind of financial service: the public can purchase a "bee savings account," complete with an official-looking blue passbook, for a minimum deposit of €10 ($13). The payoff? Account-holders will receive a portion of the next crop of honey. The artist writes on his blog that the bee savings account has allowed people "to produce wealth and collectivity instead of money and loneliness and has demonstrated that time can be something other than money: TIME IS HONEY!" <br />
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Darné’s project is rich with associations, metaphors, and puns. Since the hives are located on the roof of the city hall in Saint-Denis, just outside Paris, and the busy workers gather pollen from a 3-kilometer radius around their hive, Darné speaks of the "pollination" of the city, seeing honey production as a metaphor for the local encounters that create broader urban culture. He makes a point of mentioning that bees and people both "butinent" — a French verb that means both to gather pollen and to gather information. <br />
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And in case anyone should doubt the artist’s bee-keeping skills, the honey bank announces on its website that its "miel béton" or "concrete honey" — so named because of its urban environment and its delicious thick consistency — has earned medals at the agricultural competition <strong>Concours Régional Agricole</strong> every year since 2001. <br />
Source: http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/35781/french-artist-and-beekeeper-olivier-darn-proclaims-time-is-honey/Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-19973766430589963192010-09-19T15:53:00.000+01:002010-09-19T15:53:11.739+01:00Vanishing of the Bees<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">Vanishing of the Bees</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">In the UK, around 1/5 of honeybee hives were lost in the winter of 2008/2009. Bees pollinate 1/3 of the food we eat, and contribute £ 200,000 annually to the UK economy. This is known in apiary science as CCD or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder">‘colony collapse disorder’</a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">, a phenomenon in which worker bees from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive_(beekeeping)" title="Beehive (beekeeping)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">beehive</span></a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_honey_bee" title="European honey bee"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">European honey bee</span></a> colony abruptly disappear</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">. Not only do bees abandon their hives, but the queen and the brood as well. Even the predators that usually raid the hives for honey stay far away. Bees are disappearing all over the planet and no one knows why. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This phenomenon has brought beekeepers to crisis in an industry responsible for producing apples, broccoli, watermelon, onions, cherries and a hundred other fruits and vegetables. Commercial honeybee operations pollinate crops that make up one out of every three bites of food on our tables.</span></div><br />
<span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">So why are the bees dying? This question merits a lengthy and well thought out response which covers massive differences of opinion among scientists, farmers, bee keepers and government agencies. The film ‘<a href="http://vanishingbees.co.uk/">Vanishing of the Bees’</a> looks at CCD from the view point of the beekeeper as well as from the perspective of hard science while keeping in mind the mystic spirit of the honeybee. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The film follows commercial beekeepers David Hackenberg and Dave Mendes as they strive to keep their bees healthy and fulfill pollination contracts across the U.S. The film explores the struggles they face as the two friends plead their case on Capital Hill and travel across the Pacific Ocean in the quest to protect their honeybees.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Filming across the US, in Europe, Australia and Asia, this documentary examines the alarming disappearance of honeybees and the greater meaning it holds about the relationship between mankind and mother earth. As scientists puzzle over the cause, organic beekeepers indicate alternative reasons for this tragic loss. Conflicting options abound and after years of research, a definitive answer has not been found to this harrowing mystery.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">However, on a more positive note - with this crisis comes an opportunity for growth and change. As the bees die, t</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">here’s much more awareness now of the importance of pollinators and how many of our food crops are dependent on honeybees specifically. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some people are exacting more sustainable approaches to living. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_farming">organic farming</a> are on the rise and a host of alternative bee keeping methods are coming into fruition. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even laws are being changed to accommodate urban beekeeping. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Beekeeping became legal in New York City in March, much to the delight of the hundreds of residents who had been keeping bees in violation of the city’s health code.<span class="intro"><strong> </strong></span></span>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-4771081234954239332010-09-18T19:59:00.000+01:002010-09-18T19:59:00.007+01:00Fota Island National Memorial Bee Garden by Micheal Mac Giolla Coda<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">During the year 1981 a number of projects were initiated to commemorate the foundation of the Federation of Irish Beekeepers Associations.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">The inaugural meeting of F.I.B.K.A. which took place at the Royal Dublin Society's Show grounds at Ballsbridge, Dublin, on 21st April 1881 was commemorated on the hundredth anniversary of that date with a lecture delivered by Dr. Oliver Langley and the launching of a book entitled -"Beekeeping in <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Ireland</place></country-region> - A History" by Mr. James Watson.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">Further projects were embarked on in the course of the year including the establishment of a <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">National</placename> <placename w:st="on">Memorial</placename> <placename w:st="on">Bee</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Garden</placetype></place>. The primary objectives of this <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Bee</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Garden</placetype></place> may be summarized as follows:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The establishment of a fitting memorial to Irish Beekeepers of the past.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The formation of a living link between beekeepers, past, present & future</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The planting of a collection of bee plants at a suitable centre, so that beekeepers and students of apiculture could observe bees at work on various flowers at different times of the year.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The provision of some guidelines for beekeepers who might wish to incorporate bee plants in their own gardens or apiaries.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The inclusion of a demonstration apiary containing various hive types which would portray the evolution of the beehive in Ireland, from straw skep to modern hive, also an observation hive and traditional "bee boles".</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aesthetic considerations - the encouragement of visitors - by adding interest and attractiveness through the use of a wide range of flowering plant species which would provide some colour throughout the year.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">A number of sites were investigated and one of these at <placename w:st="on">Fota</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Island</placetype>, adjacent to <placename w:st="on">Cork</placename> <placetype w:st="on">City</placetype> was found to possess the attributes deemed necessary for the successful establishment of a <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Bee</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Garden</placetype></place>. This half acre site was very kindly donated by University College, Cork which had acquired the Smith-Barry Estate from Mrs. Bell, the previous owner in the mid-1970's and has since been managed by the Agricultural and Dairy Science Dept. of UCC. As well as expansive areas of agricultural land and woods, the estate contains a splendid mansion house, the grounds of which contain walled fruit gardens, ornamental gardens and an arboretum of great horticultural and historical importance, extending over more than thirty acres, in a magnificent parkland setting. It has long been a favourite venue for educational tours and the gardens are open to the general public from Easter to the end of September between the hours of 2.00 and 5.30 p.m. daily. Another major interest has now been added to the estate with the inclusion of a <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Wildlife</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Park</placetype></place> where a wide range of wild animals may be viewed in natural surroundings. The <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Wildlife</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Park</placetype></place> is due to open in June, 1983.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">At Congress of F.I.B.K.A. which was convened at Gormanston College, Co. Louth in July 1981, a sub-committee of the National Executive was formed whose function it would be to put the Bee Garden project into practice. At a subsequent meeting which took place at The Munster Institute in <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Cork</placename> <placetype w:st="on">City</placetype></place>, a working plan was evolved - detailing the layout, landscaping, planting and maintenance operations which would be necessary during the initial five-year period of establishment. The Committee are deeply indebted to members of the B.B.K.A. who gave their advice and supplied very valuable information regarding the <placename w:st="on">Bee</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Gardens</placetype> at Stoneleigh, Harrogate and <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Cornwall</place></city>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">One of the most important pre-requisites for the success of the project was the availability of a number of dedicated voluntary workers who would be in a position to effect the various operations involved and this was probably the deciding factor in the selection of the Cork site as Co. Cork can boast of no less than six beekeepers Associations, all of which are affiliated to F.I.B.K.A. and the actual site itself is within the confines of the East Cork Beekeepers Assoc. The wisdom of this choice has been proved by the fact that the project has been brought to fruition within two years of its commencement.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">Co-operation, sponsorship and hard work have been the order from the start and the people who helped in so many, many ways are too numerous to mention here. Unfortunately, the Bee Garden Committee, together with the National Executive and Irish Beekeepers in general suffered a severe loss in the spring of 1983 through the sudden and untimely death of one of its most dedicated and well-loved members - Finbarr Dineen. The Bee Garden itself and especially the inscription stone which stands beside the entrance gate, and which he was instrumental in transporting, from near his home in Co. Laois, will serve as a monument to one of Ireland's most distinguished beekeepers. He has enriched our lives in so many ways.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">In selecting planting stock for the <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Bee</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Garden</placetype></place>, subsequent maintenance was considered to be of primary importance. While the U.C.C. authorities have very graciously offered to maintain the grass areas, which cover about half of the site, it was agreed that the beds and borders should be planted with a wide range of flowering shrubs, woodland plants, bulbs and ground covering species including Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn flowering heathers, and heaths. The species used will require the minimum of post planting treatment and within a few years should provide complete suppression of weed growth.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">Some specimen trees - already growing on the site - have been retained and add considerably to the attractiveness of the garden. These include groups of Mimosa, Palms, Magnolias and Maidenhair Tree, which provide a height dimension, shade and a suitable environment for certain plant species. A contrasting backdrop to the low-growing shrubs and heathers will be provided by flowering climbers on the two high boundary walls, while 'dual purpose' hedges of a variety of species demarcate the other boundaries.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><placename w:st="on">Fota</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Island</placetype> is situated about nine miles to the east of <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">Cork</placename> <placetype w:st="on">City</placetype></place> with which it is connected by road and rail services. It is beside the road to <place w:st="on">Cobh</place> and just off the main <street w:st="on"><address w:st="on">Cork-Waterford-Wexford Road</address></street>. The date set aside for the opening of the <place w:st="on"><placename w:st="on">National</placename> <placename w:st="on">Memorial</placename> <placename w:st="on">Bee</placename> <placetype w:st="on">Garden</placetype></place> is Saturday, 21st May, 1983 when at 3.00 p.m. Mr. Austen Deasy, Minister of Agriculture, will perform the official opening ceremony.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC9sqp_MhqVvbcAOIkafNlGVHZtU-SShj52rSkVyZNqSsCxNIcTY2WHG_mq8GOnWI0jP0yl2VWWHnCZ4HAbUGpXDJM0xsDZ-ApYUDKYWrh9XxJdgVe3Yg86tq_uG7xWxIIe84BnNyQu38y/s1600/bee+garden+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; height: 237px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 376px;"><img border="0" height="452" qx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC9sqp_MhqVvbcAOIkafNlGVHZtU-SShj52rSkVyZNqSsCxNIcTY2WHG_mq8GOnWI0jP0yl2VWWHnCZ4HAbUGpXDJM0xsDZ-ApYUDKYWrh9XxJdgVe3Yg86tq_uG7xWxIIe84BnNyQu38y/s640/bee+garden+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-41644931094136536752010-09-18T19:27:00.000+01:002010-09-18T19:41:25.864+01:00Honey bees and bumble bees in the city<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLsJq-QwCQStiEfKIJhrN2b5C1f3JFUC7BHXwWej3GS1-HI2iw9Y7KG4TmRcM1YJYAA5U2KkY0jQavyeQ66MNVxatMENVBq_8cUeZqW5DIu7wfpYQjmz0X992Wb4GYB2NOgZVAmJLvxRxT/s1600/IMG_0307.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" qx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLsJq-QwCQStiEfKIJhrN2b5C1f3JFUC7BHXwWej3GS1-HI2iw9Y7KG4TmRcM1YJYAA5U2KkY0jQavyeQ66MNVxatMENVBq_8cUeZqW5DIu7wfpYQjmz0X992Wb4GYB2NOgZVAmJLvxRxT/s320/IMG_0307.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoYool2J9SGicyFdD148a_wwEkHxQMLJ6vlUPXudR30hjZkUI3yXMujwnHdk8jIai5VrYgDa-B8hLyVMYWG6K7KP9yo8j3m45tA5v8lj1ZACYUCQAP7SmR0A7-_fOeq7hWVkLjbDAGQLa/s1600/IMG_0327.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" qx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoYool2J9SGicyFdD148a_wwEkHxQMLJ6vlUPXudR30hjZkUI3yXMujwnHdk8jIai5VrYgDa-B8hLyVMYWG6K7KP9yo8j3m45tA5v8lj1ZACYUCQAP7SmR0A7-_fOeq7hWVkLjbDAGQLa/s320/IMG_0327.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPG8Qu1JcJPwP8H-VpHRAfNEiTGCme-EKYLm4prNtYwHMERwmqdbl2GXiwOK2XuBajCBT99pVGBEJvVizM1Ohnw_iv9rRH-MPVmSXHjuFyRUPfxUJXNoeZWf3NrGlP-UOqmgrWX94pDvuj/s1600/IMG_0315.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" qx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPG8Qu1JcJPwP8H-VpHRAfNEiTGCme-EKYLm4prNtYwHMERwmqdbl2GXiwOK2XuBajCBT99pVGBEJvVizM1Ohnw_iv9rRH-MPVmSXHjuFyRUPfxUJXNoeZWf3NrGlP-UOqmgrWX94pDvuj/s320/IMG_0315.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz1WBwK6CdVUyISLh1ZLcUaRyb2Lp9vAc9Lh0_pDU4km6eJCg6YavtCFOZt9QFd-p4BsmBD3hD5TaT7P17IaHQa1YppKH5N-zGpv7T-ZqISjwSp7r2Eecy-tf23jrzHQ17Dv_0u3GqDPnA/s1600/IMG_2801.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" qx="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz1WBwK6CdVUyISLh1ZLcUaRyb2Lp9vAc9Lh0_pDU4km6eJCg6YavtCFOZt9QFd-p4BsmBD3hD5TaT7P17IaHQa1YppKH5N-zGpv7T-ZqISjwSp7r2Eecy-tf23jrzHQ17Dv_0u3GqDPnA/s320/IMG_2801.JPG" /></a></div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-40669801005354897912010-09-18T13:46:00.000+01:002010-09-18T13:46:15.296+01:00Queen and her Court<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" qx="true" src="http://www.sicamm.org/images/NonLatin2.jpg" width="264" /></div><div align="center"><em>Apis mellifera mellifera</em> </div><div align="center">Queen surrounded by her court.</div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-227581101090066339.post-7809557510122862912010-09-18T13:29:00.001+01:002010-09-18T13:29:38.283+01:00Bee Limerick<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">Bee-Limerick is a long term sustainability project that aims to enhance Limerick City’s urban ecology by planting flowers, herbs, shrubs and trees to attract bees back into the city.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">The planting regime will see flowers bloom around the city for most months of the year providing bees with a continuous ‘honey trail’ as a result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">As most people are probably aware at this point in time, the world bee populations are on the brink of collapse. As bees are the planet’s great pollinators this will have huge adverse effects on world food supplies and will ultimately lead to food shortages.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">The Bee-Limerick group hope to influence the</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> city's planting programme to focus on more than just the aesthetic and maintenance values of plants.</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;"> ‘</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Plants should be chosen that</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;"> </span><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">function in supporting a viable ‘urban ecology’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bee-Limerick group will involve city people in the project and so intends to encourage community groups, schools and any other interested parties to participate in the planting, care and maintenance of the city’s plants. They hope to increase civic pride generally by making local people the caretakers for the project thus contributing significantly to sustainability via clear and tangible results- </span><span lang="EN-IE" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">the making Limerick City honey being just one example</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">.</span><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">“Ultimately we would like to establish a thriving bee population and bee-keeping culture within the city limits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This urban ecology concept is not new, as one local bee keeping expert stated ‘there are more bee keepers in the city of London than there are in the whole of Ireland.’” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-IE" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-IE;">The ‘Bee-Limerick Group’ also aims to raise awareness of the plight of bees by running lecturers on urban ecology, bee cinema, hive making workshops and honey making classes. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>Bee-Limerickhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07333274860419962517noreply@blogger.com1